DNA in the Forensic Science Community Essay -- Biology, DNA collection

This paper explores deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collection and its relationship to solving crimes. The collection of DNA is one of the most important steps in identifying a suspect in a crime. DNA evidence can either convict or exonerate an individual of a crime. Furthermore, the accuracy of forensic identification of evidence has the possibility of leaving biased effects on a juror (Carrell, Krauss, Liberman, Miethe, 2008). This paper examines Carrells et al’s research along with three other research articles to review how DNA is collected, the effects that is has on a juror and the pros and cons of DNA collection in the Forensic Science and Criminal Justice community. Keywords: deoxyribonucleic acid, United States DNA Collection in the Forensic Science Community and its Effects on Solving Crimes Once a crime has been committed the most important item to recover is any type of evidence left at the scene. If the suspect left any Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at the crime scene, he could then be linked to the crime and eventually charged. A suspect’s DNA can be recovered if the suspect leaves a sample of his or her DNA at the crime scene. However, this method was not always used to track down a suspect. Not too long ago, detectives used to use bite marks, blood stain detection, blood grouping as the primary tool to identify a suspect. DNA can be left or collected from the hair, saliva, blood, mucus, semen, urine, fecal matter, and even the bones. DNA analysis has been the most recent technique employed by the forensic science community to identify a suspect or victim since the use of fingerprinting. Moreover, since the introduction of this new technique it has been a la... ...race, class and gender differences. In addition, to the inequality, methods of presenting DNA data is sometimes sloppy and has the scrutiny of being dismissed on the grounds of misleading or confusing evidence. Also, the errors in the forensic science community play a role in the high number of exoneration cases because of false identification. Since DNA technology has been used there has been a high number of individuals convicted, linked or found innocent of a crimes. This technology has helped law enforcement catch suspects that may have never been found without the use of this technology. However, the research reflected that there is a need for clearer interpretations of the DNA results, better equality provided for all regardless of race or class and that errors should be reduced to prevent having cases that need to be exonerated.

A Comparative Analysis of Semco Engineering and Grimsville Borough Counsil (GBC) company

The structure, culture, and teamwork of an organisation have significant effects in its performance and operations. The structure and design are chosen depending on a company’s objectives and functions. Culture and teamwork, on the other hand, are achieved based on the organisation’s design and structure.That is, coordination and cooperation among the stakeholders are dependent on the organisation’s structure. Therefore, organisational structure is a very critical issue in every organisation. This paper investigates on organisational structure and its importance by examining and analysing cases studies of two different organisations.Comparison of Organizational Structure and DesignSemco and Grimsville Borough Council (GBC) are very different in terms of their organisational structure and design. Defining organisational structure, â€Å"it involves issues as how the work of the organisation will be divided and assigned among positions, groups, departments or divi sions and how the coordination necessary to accomplish total organisational objectives will be achieved† (Dalton et al, 1970).In other words, an organisation should be designed based on a structure which can help an organisation achieve its objectives. Semco, has a very flat structure with only four organisational level, utilising a decentralised approach. Basically, a company is said to implement a decentralised structure when decision making is disaggregated into a number of divisions, each making its own decision (Siggelkow & Levithal, 2003).Semco has managed to have a democratic and non-bureaucratic type of organisation by reducing the level of management and allowing the employees to participate in decision making.   The primary purpose of flat organisations is to rapidly respond to customers’ needs or changes in the business environment (Allen, 1998). Semco utilised this type of organisational structure because as an engineering company, it is always subject to technological changes and other changes in its environment.Contrary to the flat structure of Semco, bureaucratic organisation like GBC is tall in structure, consisting of hierarchies with many levels of management (Allen, 1998). GBC has many levels of management and supervision; each department’s management reports to the councillors and to the chief executive while they handle member staff and employees which are at the bottom of the hierarchy.The organisational structure of GBC is considered to be centralized and bureaucratic. This type of structure is obviously the opposite of the decentralised; its decision-making is made only at the upper level of management.Additionally, bureaucracy is a form of organisation which is characterised by a rational, goal-oriented hierarchy, impersonal decision making, formal controls, and subdivision into managerial positions and specialisation of labour (Allen, 1998). Bureaucracy is common to government agencies in which there should be sp ecialisation in different types of public services such as education, social services and others, and formal controls must be practiced in order to ensure satisfactory public service.Comparison of Approaches to Teamwork and TeamworkingAccording to Allen (1998), flat organisations have strong emphasis on teams while Cohen & Bailey (1997) added that team-based organisations, with flat structures can respond quickly and effectively in the fast changing environments. Semco possesses such characteristics as it has become a profitable company with enhanced organisational performance.A team-based organisation also enables the organisation to learn more effectively and because of the combination of team members’ diverse perspectives, decision making is comprehensive (Anonymous, 2006). Diversity of ideas in a team leads to high quality decision making and innovation (West, 2002).Because Semco allows work teams to make decisions, employees and team members are empowered. Employees also undergo training programmes that help them develop and learn new skills within the team, making them an effective and productive part of the team. In other words, Semco gives high acknowledgement on teamwork that almost every decision such as pay rates and working times and pattern are decided by teams.On the other hand, teamwork is not highly regarded at GBC. Senior management are aloof and hard to be approached by their subordinates. Decision making are also performed only by council leader and the chief executive, thus processing of plans and completion of projects are slow. Moreover, GBC is departmentalised but each department is not working together but instead they compete among each other and undermine other department’s activities, resulting to diminished level of services and poor overall performance.The problems of GBC mentioned in the case such as unhappy employees, slow decision making and competition instead of coordination exist because GBC has no teamwork. Tea m-based working can lead to improvements in organisational performance in terms of efficiency and quality (Applebaum & Batt, 1994 on Anonymous) while employees working on teams were found out to have higher levels of involvement and commitment to the organisation (Anonymous, 2006).Comparison of CulturesGenerally, Semco is considered to have a better organisational culture compared to GBC as reflected by each organisation’s performance. Defining organisational culture, it is an organisation’s set of shared behaviours, artefacts, values, beliefs and assumptions that it develops as it learns to cope with the external and internal aspects of survival and success (Oden, 1997).Culture was said to be developed as an organisation interact with its environment thus organisational culture is unwritten. Because Semco and GBC has different organisational structure, its culture also differs; Semco’s culture can be classified as task culture or the type of culture in which or ganisations has strong and cleared implemented objectives and mission and in which teamwork is emphasized because it is the basis on which jobs are designed (Anonymous, 2006).On the other hand, GBC’s culture can be classified as role cultures which is highly formalised, bounded with authority and in which hierarchy dominates relations (Anoymous, 2006).Semco believes in employee empowerment and it is one of their motivations to make employees satisfied and happy with the company. Transparency is also part of Semco’s culture since the company practiced profit-sharing scheme. Employees can have access on financial and strategic data to be able for them to participate actively in decision making. Trust and discipline are the core values of the company, ensuring that each employee is well committed to the organisation.On the contrary, GBC’s value is centred on power; that is, the authority has the right to decide and the employee must only follow resulting to unhappy and unmotivated employees. Employee empowerment is not practice and management does not even acknowledge lower level employees’ concern. Corruption is also suspected to be practiced at GBC along with overused of power because transparency is not being practiced by GBC.

Romeo and Juliet Research Paper - 1446 Words

Tuongvan Le Ms. Johns 05/18/10 4B Romeo and Juliet Research Paper In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Romeo’s character was undermined as a foolish, feminist, and untrustworthy man to the audience, which finally contributes to the tragedy of the play. He is foolish as he was completely defeated by love-sick, impulsively asked for marriage after seeing Juliet for one night, and blindly drank the poison. Also, Romeo was a feminist as he was crying on the floor like a woman after the Prince pronounced his banishment. Finally, he is shown to the audience as a potentially faithless man who only loves a woman based on her look and quickly forgets about his old love completely as he has a new one. All of these elements come together and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Romeo is portrayed as an immature and emasculated character, one who falls short of his society’s codes of masculinity, a figure designed to win little enthusiasm from an Elizabethan audience† ( Gleed 80 ). For example, when he was banished, Romeo cried out in Friar’s cell: â€Å"There’s no world without Verona walls,/ But purgatory, torture, hell itself./ Hence â€Å" banished† is banish’d from the world,/ And world’s exile is death† (3.3.17-20). Friar Lawrence condemned â€Å"Art thou a man? Thy form cries out thou art;/ Thy tears are womanish, they wild acts denote/ The unreasonable fury of a beast./ Unseemly woman in a seeming man† (3.3.109-113). Romeo cries out and whines like a woman as Gleed commented â€Å"Romeo can be found throwing a teary tantrum on the floor and is thus paralleled with Juliet† (81). He isn’t strong, determined, and doesn’t stand up like a man to face the banishment and try to figure out a way to solve it. This contributes to the final tragedy as he is not strong and calm enough to think of a solution for his banishment and tell it directly to Juliet so both sides would be informed but have to depend on the Friar for the solution, which fi nally contributes to the tragic ending as only one side (Juliet and Friar) is informed but the other side ( Romeo ) can possibly not be informed. His feminism also relates to his foolishness as he is strong enough to withstand Juliet’s death and try to consult with the Friar to figure out the causes ofShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet Research Paper970 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare shows that young love is deceptive. Shakespeare does this by noting how Romeo and Juliet do not actually love each other. This is represented by Romeo and Juliets actions and rash decision making. Their decisions are very impulsive and rushed. As a result, it impacted them negatively in the future and as well as their relationship. Romeo and Juliet’s love for each other is not actually how love really is. They’ve mistakenly confused lust for loveRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Research Paper2101 Words   |  9 PagesSuperior Character in Romeo and Juliet The play of Romeo and Juliet is different from William Shakespeare’s other tragedies in that there is not a clear distinction of individual heroes. The two protagonists are more passive than active; both are naà ¯ve and lacking understanding. The hero is often thought to be the romantic, yet often hysterical, Romeo. But Romeo’s immoral background, emotional outbursts, mishap murders, and foolish actions make him a poor candidate for a hero. Juliet proves to be moreRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Film Analysis1647 Words   |  7 PagesDavies, Anthony. The film versions of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare Survey 49(1996):153-162 Web. 22 May 2017. 1. In this Journal articles by Anthony Davies, he attempts to trace, compare, and analyze the play of Romeo Juliet’s life throughout cinema. To do this, Anthony does a close reading of four different films directed by Cukor, Zeffirelli, Alvin Rakoff, and the BBC. With these films, Anthony delves into them while dissecting specific scenes to compare how they are different or similarRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreThe Role of Parents in Shaping a Child ´s Future Essay examples1239 Words   |  5 Pages I. My Question The topic I intend to research is the role of parents in shaping a child’s future. This paper will examine the idea of nature vs. nurture and relationships between parents and children in the play Romeo and Juliet and the modern world. I decided upon researching this topic because I find it fascinating that both personality characteristics and social and ideological beliefs are passed from parent to children, whether genetically, or simply the manner in which the child is raisedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s All The World s A Stage 1540 Words   |  7 PagesMegan Mackey Professor Raja Atallah English 1102 17 April 2017 Research Paper William Shakespeare once said, All the World’s a Stage —and now his quote can be applied to his literature within his tragedies (William Shakespeare 1). The generation of people today have a much different definition of tragedies than people did during the Shakespearean times. Shakespeare’s tragedies involve a protagonist whose character is developed so that it is clear that he is a heroic figure in the setting of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1546 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper Draft Do you know of anyone who married at age 13, 14, or 15? You probably don’t, but it was very common during the Elizabethan Era in England, a time when people were expected to get married at a very young age. When people think of couples that married at a very young age, Romeo and Juliet often come to mind. Romeo and Juliet’s marriage was not very much like others of the time period. Shakespeare wrote the play, Romeo and Juliet, based on his own views of marriage and love. Shakespeare’sRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Play Othello1266 Words   |  6 PagesVonelle Robertson Professor Wells Com 2 December 3rd, 2014 Drama Research Paper Shakespeare’s Play Othello is one of the more notable plays produced during his playwright tenure, the play starts off with Othello who is a moor but the general of the Venetian Army. In this particular play Shakespeare placed several different themes throughout the play but two of the main themes were Love and Race. Othello is strong, confident man he is the head of one the most prestigious armies in all Europe. ButRead MoreReflection Paper on Shakespeare Class1344 Words   |  5 Pages REFLECTION PAPER ON SHAKESPEARE CLASS On that faithful day when I was signing up for the Shakespeare class, I literally did not know what I was getting myself into. I had no clue what Shakespeare works are all about, or even reading his play, let alone his sonnet and the iambic pentameter. It took a while to grasp the concept of it and understand the concept in which Shakespeare was writing his poetry. My expectations for the class was not that much. I just told myself let me get thisRead MoreThea 1016562 Words   |  27 PagesFinal Project Part1: Directorial Vision Statement The piece that I selected for this formal treatment is Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. I select this for a couple of reasons that are listed as the following. First of all, Romeo and Juliet is so famous and popular all around the world, and the two main characters—Romeo and Juliet are so well-known that even people who have no idea about theatre or the original piece of work know they are tragic lovers whose families resented each other

No Restrictions on Love The Inhumane Treatment of Gay People

After the controversy of how Michael Sam’s football carrier will be affected because he came out about being gay, Dale Hansen responded with a commentary expressing, â€Å"You beat a woman and drag her down a flight of stairs, pulling her hair out by her roots? You are the fourth guy taken in the NFL draft. You kill people while driving drunk? That guy is welcome. Players accused of rape and pay the woman to go away? You lie to police trying to cover up a murder? We are comfortable with that. You love another man? Well, now you have gone too far!† This quote assists in comprehending the view people have of gay people. The thought of having a gay person on a football team bothers people more than the thought of having an abusive man or murderer. People talk about gay marriage as if it is such an issue. The prejudice many have toward gay people is truly inhumane, and more states should allow them to be together. Because of the unconstitutional and appalling views, gay m arriage continues to remain a controversy. Individuals who are not permitted to marry the same gender are stripped from the rights everyone was born with. The Deceleration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, states,â€Å" All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness† (US 1776). If gay marriage is not legalized, then homosexual people will be ridden of the happiness and equality that theShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights in Afghanistan4911 Words   |  20 Pagesgovernment of engaging in human rights violations. There have also been various human rights abuses by American soldiers on Afghan civilians, most notably in the Baghram prisons where innocent civilians endured torture, humiliating conditions, and inhumane treatment. The United States was heavily criticized for lenient sentencing for the soldiers responsible.[1] Law and order The National Security Directorate, Afghanistans national security agency, has been accused of running its own prisons, torturingRead MoreHuman Rights in Afghanistan4924 Words   |  20 Pagesgovernment of engaging in human rights violations. There have also been various human rights abuses by American soldiers on Afghan civilians, most notably in the Baghram prisons where innocent civilians endured torture, humiliating conditions, and inhumane treatment. The United States was heavily criticized for lenient sentencing for the soldiers responsible.[1] Law and order The National Security Directorate, Afghanistans national security agency, has been accused of running its own prisons, torturingRead MoreMy Son Christian By Mark Carrasco Essay11672 Words   |  47 PagesDedicated to: My son Christian You have walked with me in the darkest moment of my life. You have my love and devotion, no matter how upset I may get with you. Copyright 2015 by Mark Carrasco All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. Contact can be made with the author through email at superman32471@hotmail.com INTRODUCTION This book initially began as a commentary on my Facebook page, entitled, â€Å"Do Animals Go to HeavenRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesprocess all over America. This is the prediction the author of ‘The Vanishing Newspaper’ †¦ †¢ Advent of tech has brought a radical change in the media industry †¢ No longer confined to reading news, watching television †¢ Click of mouse, people can access instantaneous info and news online †¢ Proliferation of online blogs and social networking sites such as Twitter threaten to make mainstream media a thing of the past †¢ But mainstream media adapting to suit the taste of consumers

Gods Devine Interaction with Jacob Essay - 941 Words

As God molds and guides Jacob over the course of the Jacob Cycle, God interacts with Jacob in increasingly personal ways. I) INTRO Throughout the Book of Genesis, there are cycles of protagonists with whom God interacts. In one such cycle, the Jacob cycle, God interacts with the world in a very unique way. Instead of directly influencing an outcome, He works by using people as conduits. He utilizes people to progress toward the ultimate goal of achieving His Divine Plan. During the Jacob Cycle, God influences Jacob in four significant stages: his childhood, his journey to Haran, his journey from Haran, and a final test of will. Over the course of these stages, God’s increasing trust in Jacob parallels his guidance. 1) GOD INFLUENCING†¦show more content†¦This â€Å"support† from his mother, working as the removed hand of God, is what allows Jacob to survive. 2) GOD INFLUENCING JACOB While Jacob is on his way to Haran, God finally decides that it is time to introduce Himself to Jacob. He speaks to Jacob for the first time in a dream, during which God tells Jacob that, â€Å"I am with you and will keep you wherever you go...I will not leave you until I have done [the promises] of which I have spoken to you† (Gen 28:15). Interacting with Jacob in such a way, and telling him that God will keep him instills within Jacob a sense of security. Jacob can continue on his journey without worry as, even though Jacob has yet to receive other aspects from the blessings, God is with him and God will keep him. Following the dream, when Jacob wakes up, he makes a vow where he says that, â€Å"If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go...then the Lord shall be my God†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Gen28:20-21). Jacob’s vow [FINISH THIS]. When Jacob finally arrives in Haran, Jacob falls in love with Rachel and offers himself to her father, Laban, in return for her. However, on their wedding night, Laban tricks Jacob by switching Rachel with his eldest daughter Leah. When Jacob realizes what happened, he demands that Rachel be married to him as well. Unbeknownst to him, Rachel could not bear children as she was â€Å"barren†, however since God was

Class Notes free essay sample

1. Maxine Clark’s current challenge is to manage growth by continually adapting and redesigning Buil-A-Bear to best meet its new global opportunities. Ans: True Response: Page 234 Difficulty: Easy Ref: Learning From Others AACSB: Strategy Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge 2. Empowerment is letting others make decisions and exercise discretion in their work. Ans: True Response: Page 235 Difficulty: Easy Ref: Learning About Yourself AACSB: Leadership Principles Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge 3. Allowing others make decisions and exercise discretion in their work define empowerment. Ans: True Response: Page 235 Difficulty: Easy Ref: Learning About Yourself AACSB: Leadership Principles Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge 4. Allowing employees to make decisions for themselves while exercising control over them in their work defines empowerment. Ans: False Response: Page 235 Difficulty: Moderate Ref: Learning About Yourself AACSB: Leadership Principles Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension 5. One of the common impediments to empowerment is that many of us suffer from control anxiety. We don’t empower others because we fear losing control. However, in the next tournament, I played much worse and was back to scoring around my average. Which of the following provides an explanation for the change in my scores? M. Regression to the mean N. Regression to the standard error O. Reliability P. Non of the above 4. If you wanted to measure the Big Five personality traits, which of the following measures would be the most reliable and valid? Q. Rorschach Inkblot Test R. Thematic Apperception S. Meyers-Briggs type Indicator T. Test NEO FFI 5. What theory explains the large fan base of winning sports teams by proposing that we like to associate ourselves with positive things and disassociate ourselves with negative things in order to maintain self-esteem? U. Job characteristics theory V. Social identify theory W. Cognitive resource capacity theory X. Self-esteem theory 6. The extent to which a measure correlates with some criterion of interest (such as job performance) is referred to as : Y. Generalizability Z. Validity [. Causality \. Reliability 7. Of the following individual characteristics, which is the most strongly related to ( i. e. has the strongest correlation with) job performance? ]. Job satisfaction ^. Conscientiousness _. Integrity `. Intelligence(cognitive ability) 8. You are a new employee of a consulting company, and you have just been invited to a golf outing. You go with your colleagues but you end up being the worst player on the team. The next month, your teammates don’t invite you to play softball (even though you’re really good) because they believe you are terrible at all sports. What perceptual error did your colleagues commit? a. Halo b. Recency c. Horns d. Attribution 9. According to the text book, test that assess how well a person can learn or acquire skills and abilities are referred to as: e. Achievement tests f. Aptitude tests g. Work sample tests h. Physical ability tests 10. The relationship between intelligence (cognitive ability) and job performance: i. Is strong, and gets stronger for less complex jobs j. Is strong, and gets stronger for more complex jobs k. Is weak, but gets stronger for less complex jobs l. Is weak, but gets stronger for more complex jobs 11. Assume you are a manager at Nordstrom, a department store with a strong focus on customer service. You can measure three individual differences. Which would you choose, based on their ability to predict job performance? In other words, which of the following three factors would be the most valid predictors of performance in this situation? . Integrity openness to experience, and agreeableness n. Intelligence, conscientiousness, and extraversion o. Conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness to experience p. Intelligence, neuroticism, and openness to experience 12. If motivation and GPA correlate R=. 40, what is the percentage of variance explained in GPA by motivation? q. 12% r. 16%( R^2= 0. 4*0. 4=0. 16) s. 40% t. 0% 13. according to the textbook, selection measures that provide economic value greater than the cost of using them are said to have: u. Validity v. Legality w. Utility x. Generalizability 14. You have to promote one person in your unit, and you want to use your performance evaluation measure as the means of deciding who to promote. Alice scored a 93 on this measure while John scored a 90. The reliability of this measure is . 75 and the standard deviation is 10. Is this mearure reliable enough for you to confidently promote Alice and not John? Why? y. Yes, the standard Error of measurement tells you that the arcs containing their â€Å"true score† don’t overlap z. No, the reliability is less than 1 . No, the standard Error of Measurement tells you that the arcs containing their â€Å"true scores† overlap |. Yes, the reliability is greater than . 70 15. Which of the following is NOT measured by the Wonderlic Personnel Test? }. Spatial ability ~. Reasoning ability . Memorization ability . Quantitative ability 16. Which of the following statement is true about personality? . Personality doesn’t matter wh en it comes to performance on the job . Personality is relatively stable even though behaviors may change across situations . Strong situation reveal people’s personalities . Personality is similar to mood in that it changes frequently 17. Which personality trait from the Big Five has the highest criterion-related validity with job performance across all jobs? . Openness to experience . Agreeableness . Consciousness . extraversion 18. The four figures above show the results of a pretest/posttest with comparison group method of training evaluation. Assuming training occurred between times one and two, which figure most suggest that training was worthwhile? . Figure B Figure D . Figure C . Figure A 19. Which of the following statement is true about the video clip form The Appretice we watch? . The interviews demonstrated high reliability . The interviews demonstrated high criterion-related validity (they predicted candidate’s’ performance on the job once they were hired) . The interviews were all structure, and all interviewers asked the exact same question of candidate . None of the abov e are true 20. Which of the following statement is true about the relationship between reliability and validity? A measure that is perfectly reliable is also perfectly valid . A measure cannot be valid without being reliable . A measure cannot be reliable without being valid . Reliability and validity have nothing to with each other 21. Based on study by Schmidt and Zimmerman(2004), about how many unstructured interview did it take to equal the validity of one structured interview? . 3 . 2 . 1 . 0 22. if a measure has perfect reliability, what will the standard error of measurement equal? . 1 . -1 . 0 . the standard deviation of the measure

Sensorial Cylinder Blocks Essay Example

Sensorial Cylinder Blocks Essay Sensorial Cylinder Blocks Material: Four blocks containing ten cylinders with knobs; each fitting into its respective hole. Block 1: Ten cylinders varying in diameter only Block 2: Ten cylinders varying in height and diameter from tall and wide to short and narrow Block 3: Ten cylinders varying in height and diameter from tall and narrow to short and wide Block 4: Ten cylinders varying in height only Aims: To refine the child’s visual perception of dimension To refine the child’s co-ordination of movement To provide controlled experiences of seriating To encourage basic mathematical vocabulary Indirect preparation for reading and writing Control of error: One to one correspondence. Vocabulary: To be given in a three period lesson: Thick and thin, with comparatives and superlatives. Big and small, with comparatives and superlatives. Wide and narrow, with comparatives and superlatives. Tall and short, with comparatives and superlatives. Stage: This is an early sensorial activity. Children are interested in individual cylinder blocks around the age of two/two and a half. Introduction: This is an Individual presentation. Invite the child to come by telling him that you have something to show him. Ask him to accompany you to the shelf. Introduce the activity at the shelf, name it and ask the child to take it to the table. Show him how to carry one of the cylinder blocks by gripping the block on both sides with both hands and carry it at waist level parallel to the ground and then let him carry it to the table or mat. Presentation: ? Seat yourself next to the child, positioning the cylinder block between you and the child. Ensure that s/ he can see all the steps that you do precisely. Tell him/her that you’re going to show him how to take the cylinder out of the cylinder block. ? Beginning from the left side, grasp the cylinder knob with your index, middle and thumb of your dominant hand. ? Firmly holding the knob lift it up and out of the socket and place it in front of the cylinder block ? Repeat the same procedure until all the cylinders are taken out of its respective socket and place them i n a random in front of the cylinder block. ? We will write a custom essay sample on Sensorial Cylinder Blocks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sensorial Cylinder Blocks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sensorial Cylinder Blocks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The child can be invited to continue any time after demonstrating a few lifting and placing of cylinders in front of the cylinder blocks. Once cylinders are out of the block, tell him/her â€Å"That all the cylinders are out of the block†, and now I am going to show you how to put them back in the socket. ? Grasp the knob of the appropriate cylinder with your index, middle and thumb of your dominant hand ? Lift the cylinder up and align it to the respective socket beginning from the left, then slowly slide the cylinder into the hole until you hit the bottom of it. Then release your grasp of knob. ? Repeat the same procedure with rest of the cylinders until all the cylinders are back into the socket. The child can be invited to continue any time after demonstrating a few cylinders as to how to put them back into their respective socket. ? Once the cylinders are back into the block, tell him/her â€Å"That all the cylinders are back in their respective sockets of the block† ? Once through, invite the child to perform the exercise. ? Observe him/her as s/he does the activity. ? Once s/he has completed the activity ask him/her if he would like to do it again, if s/ he does not wish to repeat the activity let him/her know that s/ he can work on this exercise any time s/he want to and also as long as s/he wants to do it. Remind him/her to put the material back on the shelf at its respective position. Note to self: ? As part of classical presentation the cylinders are placed in a random way when it is taken out of the socket. But when presenting the exercise to a younger child just to make things easier for him the cylinder can be placed directly in front of the respective sockets of the cylinder block. ? When presenting the exercise make sure to focus on the different dimension of the cylinders. Exaggerate every movement as to both taking out and putting the cylinder back into the socket by moving each finger in a slow and steady motion in holding the knob and then lifting it up and putting them back in and out of t he socket. ? While putting the cylinder back into the socket, align the cylinder to the center of the socket and then slide in a smooth and steady motion. ? Once the child is competent in using one block he can be asked to continue with the rest of them by himself, but this decision as to asking the child to do the rest is totally based on the teachers judgment. Explorations: The child can be asked to perform the activity individually with two blocks, three blocks, four blocks or two, three or four children can be asked to perform the activity limiting them to one block at a time. Children can be blindfolded and can be asked to take the cylinders out and put them back into the respective socket just by feeling them around. Another extension can be tried by placing cylinder at a distance away from the cylinder block and the child can walk back and forth and bring the appropriate cylinder and slide it back into the respective socket of the cylinder block.